(For a complete list, please see the article of telomere of the table) is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of telomeric repeat TTAGGG, this repetition changes the eukaryotic telomerase. The enzyme acts as a template for telomere repeat and reverse transcriptase activity, and a protein component by component RNA encoded by this gene from a (t). It telomerase expression plays a role in cell aging usually is suppressed in the somatic cells after birth for the shortening of telomere stages. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in tumorigenesis. The study, there is a possibility that de novo synthesis of telomeric repeats occurs in double-strand breaks during, or telomerase in mice, to be involved in the repair of chromosome is shown. Homolog of TERC can be found in Gallid herpes. Mutations in this gene can also cause dyskeratosis congenita autosomal dominant and associate some cases of aplastic anemia.

In higher eukaryotes, micro RNA can regulate gene expression. I can reduce the miRNA expression levels of hundreds of genes. Complementary RNA of one or more molecules (for mRNA), mature miRNA molecules mechanisms acting through at least partially the 3 ‘UTR typically. The main function of miRNA is down-regulated gene expression. There may affect gene expression in non-coding RN RNase P. Nuclei of human RNase P is necessary for efficient transcription and normal transfer of various antisense RNA by RNA polymerase III. Gene of U6 snRNA and SRP RNA is included, tRNA of these, the 5S rRNA. RN RNase P to exercise its role in transcription by binding to the 5S rRNA gene and tRNA of active chromatin and Pol III. Note [26], multi-noncoding which acts as a negative regulator 7SK RNA, RNA polymerase II elongation factor P-TEFb, such activity, being affected by the stress-response pathway is shown.

Non-coding of bacteria, 6S RNA, RNA polymerase binds to holoenzim containing the sigma70 factor specificity in particular. This interaction inhibits the expression of the sigma70-dependent promoters stationary phase.  By non-coding other bacteria, clogging the binding of the ribosome by OxyS RNA, binding to Shine sequence and suppresses translation. OxyS RNA was induced in response to oxidative damage in E. coli. Non-coding RNA polymerase III transcription small inhibit transcription in response to heat shock in mouse cells, B2 RNA is RNA. B2 RNA to inhibit transcription by binding to Pol II core. Through this interaction, B2 RNA is assembled before the start complex block RNA synthesis and promoter. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to influence the gene expression acts only transcription of non-coding sequence. Transcription of RNA polymerase II antisense RNA is required for chromatin remodeling in fission yeast. Chromatin several types of anti-sense RNA is transcribed is converted to the open position gradually.

The incorporated 5 ‘untranslated region of a gene encoding a protein (the UTR), the number of non-coding RNA, which affect their expression in a variety of ways. For example, it is possible riboswitch to bind to small molecules directly target binding of the target, affect the activity of the gene. RNA leader sequence is found upstream of the first gene of the amino acid biosynthesis operons. RNA elements, which form one of the structures in two different region encoding the peptide sequence very short final product of amino acid operon is rich. terminator structure is formed when the ribosome and movement restricting amino acids on the reader transfer is not inhibited is present in excess. If there is a deficiency in charged tRNA to the ribosome translate antiterminator structure and regulation form amino acid leader peptide stalls. This allows the RNA polymerase to transfer the operon. Leader RNA histidine operon leader known, leucine operon leader threonine operon leader tryptophan operon leader.

Iron response element (IRE) is bound iron response protein (IRP). I have a UTR of mRNA of various products involved in iron metabolism in IRE. If the iron concentration is low, bind to mRNA IRE of ferritin leading to translational repression the IRP. As part of the process of protein synthesis, an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) has the structure of the RNA to allow translation initiation at the center of the mRNA sequence.